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Villa Petrolea is a historical district located in the Keshla municipality of Baku, Azerbaijan. Built by the Petroleum Production Company Nobel Brothers (also known as Branobel) in 1882, it served to accommodate workers of the company. It currently functions as a museum of the Nobel brothers in addition to housing a number of offices and businesses. ==History== By the end of the nineteenth century, eastern parts of Baku (then the main oil extraction centre of the Russian Empire) constituted an industrial region unsuitable for civil residence due to heavy pollution. The only structures were oil refineries, port buildings and temporary housing for oil workers.〔Azeri women in transition: women in Soviet and post-Soviet Azerbaijan. Farideh Heyat.Routledge, 2002 стр 47〕〔Russian Azerbaijan, 1905—1920: The Shaping of a National Identity in a Muslim Community. Tadeusz Swietochowski. Cambridge University Press, 2004. стр 21〕〔Baku, an eventful history. James Dodds Henry. Ayer Publishing, 1905〕 In order to get the administrative and technical personnel of Branobel (including specialists from Sweden, Norway and Germany) to settle in this area, a settlement providing favourable living conditions was built here. It was located on the eastern end of the industrial Black City neighbourhood, near the village of Keshla.〔(Ш. Фатуллаев. ГРАДОСТРОИТЕЛЬСТВО БАКУ XIX — начала XX веков. АКАДЕМИЯ НАУК АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНСКОЙ ССР ИНСТИТУТ АРХИТЕКТУРЫ И ИСКУССТВА )〕〔(Azerbaijan International. The Nobels in Baku. Swedes' Role in Baku’s First Oil Boom (by Brita Asbrink) )〕 It was built on the land rented by Branobel from the Keshla farmers for 49 years.〔(Tamara Humbatova. Villa Petrolеa, Monument to Nobel Family's Good Deeds in Baku ). ''Echo''. 8 May 2012.〕 The territory of the settlement named Villa Petrolea (Latin for "oil estate") included residential buildings, a Swedish-German school, a theatre, a hospital and a family mansion of the Nobel family completed in 1884 and designed by an unknown architect. The mansion remained in the Nobels' possession until nationalization in the 1920s.〔(Вебсайт Baku Nobel Heritage Fund (BNHF) and the Baku Nobel Oil Club (BNOC) )〕 Branobel employees lived in one- or two-story wooden cottages with stone foundations. The lower levels of the largest building housed the office, whereas the top levels included a club, relaxation rooms and a library. The rooms were decorated with rich carpets both woven locally and imported from Persia.〔(Манаф Сулейманов. Дни минувшие (Исторические очерки) )〕 The cottages were located on a slope descending to the Caspian shore, therefore the window of each cottage overlooked the sea. The buildings were built in the Byzantine style.〔 The settlement grew as more recreational facilities, such as a bowling hall, a pool hall and a tennis court, were built here in the 1890s. By the 1911, the residents had established numerous performance and athletic clubs.〔 The life in Villa Petrolea went into decline at the advent of World War I when German and Austro-Hungarian nationals were expelled from the Russian Empire. The settlement was nationalized in 1919.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Villa Petrolea」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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